Bhanu P. Jena Ph.D. (dr. hc. mult.) (ai6873)

5245 Scott Hall

Administrative Support: Mr. Brent Formosa, M.S. 
brent.formosa@wayne.edu

George E. Palade University Professor & Distinguished Professor

I was born in Jajpur, a small town in Orissa, India, on November 1, 1955, to Manju and Prafulla Jena. I spent my early childhood in several remote villages in Orissa, where my grandfather practiced medicine. The dedication of my father and grandfather to science and medicine and their service to humanity greatly influenced me to choose a career in science. I majored in Chemistry, Zoology, and Botany, from BJB College in Orissa, India (B.Sc., 1975) and studied Reproductive Endocrinology at Utkal University, (M.Sc., 1978). I graduated in the top of my graduating class in the Masters of Science program, and received the Prasant Ku. Memorial Prize and the Utkal University Gold Medal. In December of 1988, I received my Ph.D. degree in Reproductive Endocrinology, and the Research Excellence Award from Iowa State University. Following postdoctoral training at Iowa State and Yale Universities (1988-1994), I joined Yale University, as an Assistant Professor, and in 2000, I moved to the Department of Physiology, at Wayne State University School of Medicine, as a tenured full Professor, and Founder-Director of the Institute of NanoBioScience. In 2004, I was conferred the George E. Palade University Professor, named after the great cell biologist George E. Palade. I am the only living University Professor, and the second in Wayne State University's 160-year history, conferred by the board of governors and former Wayne State University President Dr. Irvin D. Reid.

I am accepting new MS, PhD, and MD/PhD students for the 2023-24 academic year.

Since high school, my passion has been to understand the workings of the unit of life, 'the cell'. At a very early age, I was fascinated by the complexity of such a tiny entity 'the cell' in electron micrographs, similar to the complexity of a city, yet every aspect of its operation precisely organized and coordinated. My scientific enquiry on how cells secrete, led to the discovery of the 'porosome' -a new cellular structure and a molecular nanomachine, demonstrated to be the universal secretory machinery in cells. Currently, the major focus of my laboratory is to further determine the structure and conformation of the neuronal porosome using electron crystallography, X-ray solution scattering, and other approaches.

Among the honors and awards I have received over the years are: Elected Foreign Member of the Georgian National Academy of Science; Fellow AAAS; the Swebelius Cancer Research Award, the Hallim Distinguished Award Lecture jointly with Prof. Ahmed H. Zewail; Sir. Aaron Klug Award; ASAS Basic Biological Science Award; Ranbaxy Basic Research in Medical Sciences Award; Elected Foreign Member of the Korea Academy of Science & Technology; Elected Foreign Member of the National Academy of Medicine, Romania; George E. Palade Gold Medal, elected to the Academy of Scholars at Wayne State University; six Honorary Doctorates including one from Babes-Bolyai University, Romania, jointly with Professors George E. Palade and Gunter Blobel, and Distinguished Visiting Professorships from a number of academic institutions.

Throughout my career, I have been fortunate to avail the opportunity to learn from great teachers and scholars, and to work with wonderful students and colleagues. My family has been a great source of peace and inspiration in my life.

Jena Lab Website

Primary focus of my laboratory: is to understand how cells secrete. While the conventional model required that secretion from cells involved the complete merger of the secretory vesicle membrane with the cell plasma membrane, an increase in the number of partially spent vesicles in cells following secretion imaged by EM, suggested the presence of an additional mechanism that would allow for controlled partial discharge of intra-vesicular contents during secretion. This new mechanism would require secretory vesicles to transiently establish continuity with the cell plasma membrane, expel a portion of their contents, and disengage from the cell membrane. In the early 1990's, with the goal of identifying the cellular machinery at the plasma membrane involved in this regulated fractional release of intra-vesicular contents, we employed the then new technique of atomic force microscopy to image the nano scale morphology of the cell surface, and demonstrated the presence of supramolecular cup-shaped secretory portals at the cell plasma membrane. In the ensuing years, using a combination of molecular biology, biochemistry, electrophysiology, conventional EM, mass spectrometry, and X-ray solution analysis, the structure, dynamics, isolation, composition, and the functional reconstitution of the secretory portal has been completed. We later named this specialized secretory portal 'porosome'. The discovery of the porosome overturned traditional views on how cells secrete, and a number of laboratories including our own have established its presence and function in exocrine cells, endocrine cells, astrocytes, and neurons. Our recent studies using mass spectrometry, demonstrate interaction between the cystic fibrosis trans-membrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the porosome complex in human airways epithelia. This new information sheds light on the possible regulatory role of CFTR on the quality of mucus secretion via the porosome complex, providing critical insights into the etiology of CF disease and for potential therapies.

Second major focus of my laboratory: Throughout our studies, we have continually engaged in the design and development of new approaches, techniques, and instrumentation, for problem solving in biology. For example, during the course of our studies, the successful use of optical traps in trapping single secretory vesicles measuring 100-1000 nm in diameter within live cells, and examining their dynamics under various physiological states, motivated the concept of a force microscope. This force microscope will be capable of imaging intracellular structure-function non-invasively at nm resolution and in real-time, combined with the capability to assess various chemical and biophysical properties within live cells. On the successful development of this microscope, we can begin to explore properties of living cells with a previously unavailable degree of precision, establishing a new paradigm in biomedical investigation. For example, acquiring the fundamental knowledge from 3D maps of the cell cytosolic pH, viscoelasticity, and the distribution of various proteins, will provide an understanding of how cells are able to maintain different pH domains in the cell, even in the absence of membrane boundaries. Similarly, changes in size and stiffness of various sub-cellular organelles will provide valuable information on cellular function, disease progression, and various pathologies. Stimulation of cell secretion for example is known to induce swelling of secretory vesicles in cells. Impaired vesicle volume and elasticity, combined with a drop in cytosolic pH in pancreatic acinar cells for example, would suggest a progression toward pancreatitis. Similarly, an increase in the stiffness of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane is a marker for iron deficiency, while a decrease in membrane stiffness suggests an increase in membrane cholesterol levels, leading to RBC malfunction as well as an early predictor of various cardiovascular pathologies.

My research has been primarily supported by funds from the NIH and NSF. I have more than 30 years of instructional experience and course development both at the graduate and undergraduate level. I have taught courses in cell biology, nanoscience/nanomedicine, general physiology, endocrinology, and biochemistry.

Recently accepted publication:

1. Cheng Z, Stefani C, Skillman T, Klimas A, Lee A, DiBernardo EF, Mueller Brown K, Milman T, Wang Y, Gallagher BR, Lagree K, Jena BP, Pulido JS, Filler SG, Mitchell AP, Hiller NL, Lacy‐Hulbert A, Zhao Y. (2023). MicroMagnify: A Multiplexed Expansion Microscopy Method for Pathogens and Infected Tissues. Advanced Science, 2023 2302249:1-15.
2. Cheng Z, Stefani C, Skillman T, Klimas A, Lee A, DiBernardo EF, Brown KM, Milman T, Gallagher BR, Lagree K, Jena BP, Pulido J, Mitchell AP, Filler SG, Hiller L, Lacy-Hulbert A, Zhao Y. (2023) A New Expansion Microscopy Method Optimized for Microbiology. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 29:994-994
3. Li M, Coppo L, Jena BP, Larsson L. (2022) The optimized quantum dots mediated thermometry reveals the efficiency of myosin extracted from muscle mini bundles   The FASEB J. DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R4427
4. .Cho W-J, Formosa B, Zhvania MG, Taatjes DJ, Ghiran I, Jena BP. Possible mechanism of porosome-mediated exosome release. bioRxiv.2022.03.06.483164; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.06.483164.
5. Jena BP, Larsson L, Gatti DL, Ghiran I, Cho WJ. (2022) Understanding Brain-Skeletal Muscle Crosstalk Impacting Metabolism and Movement.   Discoveries. DOI: 10.15190/d.2022.
6. Formosa, B., Liyanaarachchi, A., Silvers, S., Gatti, D.L., Larsson, L., Arslanturk, S., Jena, B.P. (2020). Skeletal muscle remodeling in immobilized patients: Determined using a parameter estimation histomorphometric approach. bioRxiv. 2020.06.17.157438; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.17.157438.
7. Laethem, B.S., Lewis, K.T., Ramos, R., Hou, X., Sun, F., Taatjes, D.J., Jena, B.P. Arslanturk, S. (2020). Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibition results in mucus accumulation in human airway epithelia Calu-3 cells: Experimental and machine learning studies. bioRxiv. 2020.05.26.117853; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.26.117853.
8. Pernal, S.P., Liyanaarachchi, A., Gatti, D.L., Formosa, B., Pulvender, R., Kuhn, E.R., Ramos, R., Naik, A.R., George, K., Arslanturk, S., Taatjes, D.J., Jena, B.P. (2020). Nanoscale imaging using differential expansion microscopy. Histochem Cell Biol.153: 469-480. (Cover Illustration & Editorial).
9. Hassan Abdallah, H., Liyanaarachchi, A., Saigh, M., Silvers, S., Arslanturk, S., Taatjes, D.J., Larsson, L., Jena, B.P., Gatti, D.L. (2020) Res-CR-Net, a residual network with a novel architecture optimized for the semantic segmentation of microscopy images. aRxiv http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/. 

A complete list of Dr. Jena's publications can be found at PubMed-Jena

• 1989-90 Post. Doc. Department of  Biochemistry, Iowa State University, USA
• 1990-92 Post. Doc. Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, USA

•  Cellular and molecular processes involved in protein secretion and exocytosis