Mariane Fahlman Ph.D. (aa1673)

Ph. D. - Exercise Science and Health Education - University of Toledo

MA - Exercise Physiology - Wayne State University

BS - Education - University of South Florida

Professor in the Division of Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Healthy living across the lifespan

Exercise and Cognition

Health promotion and the prevention of hypokinetic disease.

Health Education and Behavior Change

School Health Education

• WSU Academy of Teachers
• University Educator of the Year, Michigan Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance
• President's Award for Excellence in Teaching
• Kathleen Reilly Koory Faculty Development Award
• Special Recognition for Outstanding Statewide Leadership and Commitment to the critical components of school health
• The Harrison Award for Commitment to Comprehensive School Health Education
• The Governor's Council Vern Seefeldt Lifetime Achievement Award
• WSU Distinguished Faculty Fellowship
• The Harrison Award for Commitment to Comprehensive School Health Education
• JTPE Metzler_Freedman Exemplary Paper Award Co-Author
• 2018  Inaugural Member of the Academy of Teachers

• Building Healthy Communities 2020-2025
• Functional Aging & Mindfulness for Seniors 2021-2023
• DHYI: Nutrition Education and Environmental Change 2020-2021
• DHYI: Nutrition Education and Environmental Change  2018-2019
• DHYI: Nutrition Education and Environmental Change 2017 - 2018
• Detroit Healthy Youth Initiative: Interdisciplinary Nutrition Education in High Schools 2016 - 2017
• Detroit Healthy Youth Initiative: Interdisciplinary Nutrition Education in High Schools 2015 - 2016
• Detroit Healthy Youth Initiative: Interdisciplinary Nutrition Education in High Schools 2014 - 2015
• Detroit Healthy Youth Initiative: Interdisciplinary Nutrition Education in High Schools 2013 - 2014
• Detroit Healthy Youth Initiative: Interdisciplinary Nutrition Education in High Schools 2012 - 2013
• Detroit Healthy Youth Initiative: Interdisciplinary Nutrition Education in High Schools 2011 - 2012
• Detroit Healthy Youth Initiative: Interdisciplinary Nutrition Education in High Schools 2010 - 2011
• Detroit Healthy Youth Initiative - 2009 - 2010
• Exercise and the Elderly 2003 - 2006

Member: Dominican Sisters of Adrian

http://www.adriandominicans.org/

Selected Presentations - For the complete list, contact me.

•  Barcelona, J., Neda, R., Ladanyi, H., Renaud, M., Malesky, C.M., Fahlman, M. (2024, May). Comparing Virtual And In-person Delivery Of Functional Fitness Intervention Outcomes In Community Dwelling Seniors. Poster presentation at the annual meeting for American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM), Boston, MA.
• Ladanyi, H., Renaud, M., Neda, R., Fahlman, M., Barcelona, J. (2024, May). Older Adults’ Mindful Reflections On Perceived Health Related Quality Of Life. Poster presentation at the annual meeting for American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM), Boston, MA.
• Neda, R., Ladanyi, H., Renaud, M., Malesky, C.M., Fahlman, M., Barcelona, J (2024, May). Assessment of Functional Fitness Outcomes in 12-Week Fitness Program Intervention Based on Age Categories Among Community Dwelling Seniors. Poster presentation at the annual meeting for American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM), Boston, MA.
• Malesky, C. M., Neda, R., Renaud, M., Ladanyi, H., Barcelona, J., Fahlman, M. (2024, May). Piloting A 12-week Nutrition Education Program and Its Influence On Eating Habits Of African American Seniors. Poster presentation at the annual meeting for American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM), Boston, MA.
• Renaud, M., Ladanyi, H., Neda, R., Fahlman, M., Barcelona, J. (2024, May). Examining the Impact of Yoga and Mindfulness on Perceived Caregiver Stress and Burden. Poster presentation at the annual meeting for American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), Boston, MA.
• Barcelona, J., Kowalski, C., Domovam, R., Neda, R., Malesky, C. M., Ladanyi, H., Fahlman, M. (2023). Effects of a functional fitness and yoga intervention on cognitive and balance outcomes in seniors. American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) National Convention, Denver, CO.
• Neda, R., Malesky, C. M., Kowalski, C., Donovan, R., Barcelona, J., Fahlman, M. (2023) Effects of 12-week fitness program on functional fitness outcomes for community dwelling seniors. American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) National Convention, Denver, CO.
• Centeio, E.E., Barcelona, J., McKown, H., Pedder, C., & Fahlman, M.M. (2019). Dearborn SHINES for healthy kids: Understanding Physical Activity Among Arab American Students in Physical Education and the Impact of SPARK. Paper presented at the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) National Convention, Orlando, FL.
• Churakova, J., Barcelona, J., Fahlman, M. (2019). The SIENA study: Sisters Integrating Exercise and Neuro Activity. Paper presented at the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) National Convention, Orlando, FL.
• Thomas, E.M., McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., Fahlman, M., & Kulik, N. Measuring Physical Activity Culture and Basic Needs in the Workplace. Presentation at Society of Behavioral Medicine National Conference, Washington D.C., March 2019.
• Fahlman, M. M., & Hall, H.L., (2019). Successful Interventions to Increase Functional Capacity in a Continuum of Care Facility. To be presented at the Society of Health and Physical Educators' (SHAPE America) conference, Tampa FL, April 2019.
• Kulik, N., Krajnik, S., Woloszyk, K., McCaughtry, N., Fahlman, M., Dombrowski, R. & Moore, E.W. (2017, June). Wayne State University Center for Health and Community Impact Community Health Pipeline Project. Poster Presentation at the Michigan Organizations to Impact Obesity and Nutrition (MOTION) Coalition Annual Conference, Detroit, MI.
• Kulik, N., Thomas, E., Fahlman, M. M., Garn, A., Centeio, E., Somers, C., & McCaughtry, N. (2018). Children's Dietary Self-Efficacy and Healthy Eating by Race/Ethnicity. Paper presented at the Society of Behavioral Medicine National Convention, New Orelans, LA.
• Fahlman, M. M., Engels, HJ, & Hall, H.L., (2017). SIgA and Upper Respiratory Syndrome During a College Cross Country Season. Paper presented at the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) National Convention, Denver, CO.
• Murray, A.B., Vanwasshenova, E., Mahas, R., Maras, J.C., Rodriguez-Steen, L., Fahlman, M.M., Boardley, D., & Geers, A.L. (2017). Health Behaviors in Urban Youth Predicted by Positive Affect Over Two-Week Period. Poster to be presented at the annual meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, San Antonio, Tx.
• Van Wasshenove, E., Mahas, R., Murray, A., Geers, A., Boardley, D., Fahlman, M. (November 2016) Positive Feelings Predict Nutrition Behaviors in Urban Adolescents. Presented at the annual meeting for American Public Health Association. Denver, CO.
• Centeio, E.E., Kulik, N.L., McCaughtry, N., Garn, A.C., Somers, C., Martin, J., Shen, B., & Fahlman, M. (April 2016). The role of principals in increasing physical activity through comprehensive school physical activity programs. Presented at the annual meeting for Society of Health and Physical Educators of America (SHAPE America), Minneapolis, MN.
• Centeio, E.E., Somers, C., Kulik, N., Garn, A., Shen, B., Martin, J., Fahlman, M., & McCaughtry, N. (2016). The relationship between academic achievement and healthy school transformations in urban elementary schools. Presented at the American Educational Research Association, Washington, DC.
• Centeio, E.E., Somers, C.L., Kulik, N., Garn, A.C., Shen, B., Martin, J., Fahlman, M.M., & McCaughtry, N. (2016). The Relationship Between Academic Achievement and Healthy School Transformations in Urban Elementary Schools. Will be presented at the American Education Research Association Annual Conference, Washington, D.C.
• Somers, C.L., Centeio, E.E., Kulik, N., McCaughtry, N., Shen, B., & Fahlman, M. (2015, April). Measuring academic achievement and psychosocial functioning after physical activity intervention. Poster accepted for presentation at the annual meeting of the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP), New Orleans, LA.
• Ten Years in Urban Schools: Perils and Promises
  Fahlman, M.M., Mccaughtry, N., Garn, A., Shen, B., Martin, J. 1 2016 International Conference on the Health Risks of Youth
• Racial and Ethnic Differences in Physical Activity Levels of Urban Youth
  Fahlman, M. M., Centeio, E,, McCaughtry, N., Garn, A., Shen, B., Kulik, N., & Martin 5 2015 ACSM
• Targeted interventions needed for low income urban children.
  Fahlman, M. M., Hall, H. L 10 2014 ASHA
• Changing eating behaviors in urban children
  Fahlman, M. M., Hall, H. L. 10 2012 ASHA
• Time in field experience predicts efficacy to teach health
  Fahlman, M. M., Hall, H. L. 3 2013 AAHPERD
• Identifying fitness level disparities for minority, low socioeconomic status children
  Gutuskey, L., Fahlman, M. M., Hall, H.L. 3 2014 AAHPERD
• An interdisciplinary approach to changing physical activity levels in elementary school children
  Fahlman, M.M., Murphy, A., McCaughtry, N. 2014 ASHA
• Interventions Needed for Low-Income Urban Children
  Fahlman, M. M., Hall, H. L 2013 American School Health Association
• Time in field experience predicts efficacy to teach health
  Mariane M Fahlman & Healther L Hall 4 2013 American Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance
• Changing Eating Behavior in Urban Children
  Mariane M Fahlman & Healther L Hall 2012 American School Health Association
• Amotivation and Low Relatedness in Urban Physical Education
  Fahlman, M. 4 2012 American Educational Research Association
• Predicting Physical Activity and Mental Health Outcomes in Urban Physical Education
  Fahlman, M. 4 2012 American Educational Research Association
• Exercise Training Increases Mucosal Immunity in Elderly Women
  Mariane Fahlman and Heather Hall 4 2011 American Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance
• Functional Fitness Increases With Exercise
  Heather Hall and Mariane Fahlman 4 2011 American Association of Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance
• Socio-economic and Racial Disparities in Health Related Fitness: Targeted Interventions Needed
  Fahlman and Hall 10 2010 ASHA
• A Targeted Intervention Increases Dietary Knowledge, Behaviors and Self-Efficacy in Urban, Minority Adolescents
  Fahlman, MM, McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., Shen, B 10 2010 ASHA
• Effects of Learning Climate and Autonomous Motivation on Learning in PE
  Shen, B., McCaughtry, N., Martin. J., *Fahlman, M.* and Brewart, B. 2008 AAHPERD National Convention in Fort Worth, TX
• Nutrition in Urban Schools: Lack of Institutional Coherence and the Underground Vending System
  Brewart, B., McCaughtry, N., *Fahlman, MM.*, Martin, J., and Shen, B. 2008 AAHPERD National Convention in Fort Worth, TX
• Teachers� Perspectives on the Challenges of Teaching Nutrition Education in Urban Schools
  Brewart, B., McCaughtry, N., *Fahlman, MM.*, Martin, J., and Shen, B. 2008 AAHPERD National Convention in Fort Worth, TX
• Racial Disparities in Nutrition Behaviors: Targeted Interventions Needed
  *Fahlman, MM.*, McCaughtry, N., Maritn, J., Shen, B., Brewart, B., and Flory, S. 2008 AAHPERD National Convention in Fort Worth, TX
• Designing a Survey Instrument Assessing Middle School Students� Nutritional Behavior
  *Fahlman, MM.*, McCaughtry, N., Maritn, J., Shen, B., Brewart, B., and Flory, S. 2008 AAHPERD National Convention in Fort Worth, TX
• Urban Adolescents' Motivation Profiles in Physical Education
  Shen, B., McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., *Fahlman, MM.*, Flory, S., and Tischler, A. 2009 AAHPERD National Convention in Tampa, FL
• Effects of Teacher Preparation on Self-Efficacy of Pre-Service Health Teachers
  Hall, HL, *Fahlman, MM.* 2009 AAHPERD National Convention in Tampa, FL
• Teacher�s Self-Efficacy Regarding Nutrition Education Increases After In-service Training
  *Fahlman, MM.*, McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., Shen, B., Flory, S., and Tischler, A. 2009 AAHPERD National Convention in Tampa, FL
• Resistance Training and Activities of Daily Living Training Improves Functional Performance in Elderly Women
  *Fahlman, MM.*, Hall, HL. 2009 ACSM National Convention, Seattle, WA.

Selected Publications - for the complete list, contact me.

Barcelona, J., Fahlman, M., Neda, R., & Hall, H.L. (2022). Increasing Functional Performance in Older Women. Activities, Adaptation and Aging. 47 (3). DOI: 10.1080/01924788.2022.2109255

Garcia-Pelagio, K.P., Hew-Butler, T., Fahlman, M.M. & Roche, J.A. (2021). Women’s Lives Matter—The Critical Need for Women to Prioritize Optimal Physical Activity to Reduce COVID-19 Illness Risk and Severity. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18, 10271. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910271

Thomas, E., Martin, J., McCaughtry, N., Kulik, N., and Fahlman, M. (2021) Work Physical Activity Culture and Need Support Impacts on Physical Activity Outcomes. Health Education Journal. 1-15.

Barcelona, J., Fahlman MM, Churakova, Yulia, Canjels, Robin, Mallare, James and van den Heuvel, Marion I. (2020). Frontal alpha asymmetry during prayerful and resting states: An EEG study in Catholic Sisters. International Journal of Psychophysiology. Accepted 4/21/20

Centeio, E., Barcelona, J., Fahlman, M., Kulik, N., Shen, B., Garn, A., & McCaughtry, N. (2020). Differences of In-School Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity Among Fourth Grade Urban Youth. International Journal of Kinesiology in Higher Education.
DOI: 10.1080/24711616.2020.1735974
 

Kulik, N., Thomas, E.M., Fahlman, M., Garn, A., Centeio, E.E., Somers, C.L. & McCaughtry, N. (2019). Dietary self-efficacy and dietary intake by race/ethnicity among elementary school children. Health Education Journal: 78:(4) 486-493

Centeio, E., McCaughtry, M., Moore, W.G., Kulik, N., Garn, A., Martin, J., Shen, B., Somers, C. & Fahlman, M. (2018). Building Healthy Communities: A Comprehensive School Health Program to Prevent Obesity in Elementary Schools. Preventive Medicine, 111, 210-215.

Centeio, E.E., Somers, C.L., Kulik, N., Garn, A., Shen, B., Martin, J., Fahlman, M. & McCaughtry, N. (2018). Relationship between academic achievement and healthy school transformations in urban elementary schools. Physical Education Sport Pedagogy, 23(4), 402-407.

Engels, H. J., Kendall, B. J., Fahlman, M.M. & Gothe, N. P. (2017). Salivary Immunoglobulin A in Healthy Adolescent Females: Effects of Maximal Exercise, Physical Activity, Body Composition, and Diet. Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07845-8.

Fahlman, M.M., Engels, J-J., Hall, H.L. (2017). SIgA and Upper Respiratory Syndrome During a College Cross Country Season. Sports Medicine International. 1:E188-E194. DOI https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-119090.

Geers, A. L., Van Wasshenova, E., Murray, B., Mahas, R., Fahlman, M., & Boardley, D. (2017). Affective association as predictors of health behavior in urban minority youth. Health Psychology. 36:996-1005.

Somers, C. L., Centeio, E. E., Kulik, N., Garn, G., Martin, J., Shen, B., Fahlman, M., & McCaughtry, N. (2016). Academic and psychosocial outcomes of a physical activity program with fourth graders: Variations among schools in six urban school districts. Urban Education. Published online before print October 21, 2016. doi:10.1177/0042085916668951.

Fahlman, M.M., Hall, H.L, Gutuskey, L. (2015). Minority youth, physical activity and fitness levels: Targeted interventions needed. American Journal of Health Education 46, 338-346.

Fahlman, M.M., Hall, H.L, Gutuskey, L. (2013). The impact of completing a health methods class on pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy and intent to teach health. American Journal of Health Education. 44(6), 316-323.

Sloan, C., Engels, H.-J., Fahlman, M. M., Yarandi, H., & Davis, J. (2013). Effects of exercise on S-IGA and URS in postmenopausal women. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 34, 81-86.

Fahlman, M. M., McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., Shen, B., & Garn, A. (2012). Assessing the eating behaviors of low-income, urban adolescents. American Journal of Health Education 43(3), 165-171.

Shen, B., McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., Fahlman, M. M., & Garn, A. (2012). Urban high-school girls’ sense of relatedness and their engagement in physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Activity. 31, 231-245.

Fahlman, M. M., McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., & Shen, B. (2011). Efficacy, intent to teach, and implementation of nutrition education increases after training for health educators. American Journal of Health Education, 42(3), 181-190.

Fahlman, M. M., McNevin, N., Boardley, D., Morgan, A. & Topp, R. (2011). Effects of resistance training on functional ability in elderly individuals. American Journal of Health Promotion, 25(4), 237-243.

McCaughtry, N., Fahlman, M. M., Martin, J., & Shen, B. (2011). Influences of constructivist-oriented nutrition education on urban middle school students’ nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, and behaviors. American Journal of Health Education, 42(5), 276-285.

Fahlman, M. M., McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., & Shen. (2010). Racial and socioeconomic disparities in nutrition behaviors: Targeted interventions needed. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 42(1), 10-16.

Shen, B., McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., & Fahlman, M. M., (2009). Motivational profiles and their associations with achievement outcomes. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 28, 441-460.

Shen, B., McCaughtry, N., Martin, J., & Fahlman, M. M., (2009). Effects of teacher autonomy support and students’ autonomous motivation on learning in physical education. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 80, 44-53.

Fahlman, M. M., J. Dake, N. McCaughtry, & Martin, J. (2008). A pilot study to examine the effects of a nutrition intervention on nutrition knowledge, behaviors, and efficacy expectations in middle school children. Journal of School Health, 78(4), 216-222.

Fahlman, M. M., Morgan, A., McNevin, N., Topp, R., & Boardley, D. (2007). Combination training and resistance as effective interventions to improve functioning in elders. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 15, 195-205.

Hall, HL, Fahlman, M. M., & Engels, H.-J. (2007). Echinacea purpurea and mucosal immunity. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(9), 792-797.

Boardley, D., Fahlman, M. M., Topp, R., Morgan, AL, & McNevin, N. (2007). The impact of exercise training on blood lipids in functionally limited older adults. American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, 16(1), 30-35.

Martin, J.J., Kliber, A., Kulinna, P, & Fahlman, M. M. (2007). Social physique anxiety and muscularity and appearance cognitions in college men. Sex Roles. A Journal of Research, 55(3), 151-158.

Fahlman, M. M., Topp, R., McNevin, N., Morgan, A.L., & Boardley, D. (2007). Structured exercise in older adults with limited functional ability. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 33(6), 32-39.

Bouillon, L.E., Flynn, M.G., Lambert, C.P., Fahlman, M. M., Braun, W.A., & Choi, D. (2006). Exercise during late follicular menstrual phase: Influence on immune parameters. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 46(1), 143-151.

Fahlman, M. M., Hall, H.L., & Lock, R. (2006). Ethnic and socioeconomic comparisons of fitness, activity levels, and barriers to exercise in high school females. Journal of School Health, 76(1), 12-17.

Morgan, A.L., McNevin, N., Fahlman, M. M., Boardley, D., & Topp, R. (2005). A comparison of objective tests to a subjective report of functional status. International Journal of Fitness, 1:9-18.

Fahlman, M.M., & Engels, H.-J. (2005). Mucosal IgA and URTI in American college football players: A year longitudinal study. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(3), 374-380.

Topp, R., Boardley, D., Morgan, A.L, Fahlman, M. M., & McNevin, N. (2005). Exercise and functional tasks among adults who are functionally limited. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 27(3), 252-270.

Engels, H.-J., Fahlman, M. M., Morgan, A.L., & Formolo, L.R. (2004). Mucosal IgA response to intense intermittent exercise in healthy male and female adults. International Society of Exercise Physiologists, 7(4), 21-26.

Fahlman, M. M., & Topp, R. (2004). Increasing physical activity in the deconditioned person: The role of resistance training. Ethnicity and Disease, 14(2), S205-S207.

Topp, R., Fahlman, M. M., & Boardley, D. (2004). Healthy aging: Health promotion and disease prevention. Nursing Clinics of North America, 39(2), 411-422.

Fahlman, M. M., Morgan, A.L., McNevin, N., Boardley, D.J., & Topp, R. (2003). Salivary s-IgA response to training in functionally limited elders. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 11(4), 502-515.

Engels, H.-J., Fahlman, M. M., & Wirth, J.C. (2003). Panax ginseng not an effective ergogenic aid. Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies, 8(4), 404.

Topp, R., Sobolewski, J., Boardley, D. J., Morgan, A.L., Fahlman, M. M., & McNevin, N. (2003). Rehabilitation of a functionally limited, chronically ill older adult: A case study. Rehabilitation Nursing, 28(5), 154-8.

Morgan, A.L., Masterson, M.M., Fahlman, M. M., Topp, R., & Boardley, D.J. (2003). Hydration status of community dwelling seniors. Aging: Clinical and Experimental Research, 15(4), 301-304.

Engels, H.-J., Fahlman, M. M., & Wirth, J.W. (2003). Effects of ginseng on secretory IgA, performance and recovery from interval exercise. Medicine Science Sport and Exercise, 35(4), 690-696.

Flynn, M.G., Mackinnon, L., Gedge, V., Fahlman, M. M., & Brickman, T. M. (2003). Iron status and immune function in women runners during intensified training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(3), 217-22.

Myolona, E., Fahlman, M. M., Morgan, A. L., Boardley, D., & Tsivitse, S. K. (2002). S-IgA response in females following a single bout of moderate intensity exercise in cold and thermoneutral environments. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 23(6), 453-456.

Fahlman, M. M., Boardley, D., Lambert, C. P., & Flynn, M. G. (2002). Effects of endurance training and resistance training on plasma lipoprotein profiles in elderly women. The Journal of Gerontology: Biological Sciences, 57A(2), B54-B60.

Fahlman, M. M., Singleton, S.P., & Kliber, A. (2002). The effects of health education classes on teaching self-efficacy in preservice teachers. Journal of Health Education, 33(2), 101-108.

Somers, C. L., & Fahlman, M. M. (2001). The effectiveness of the “Baby Think it Over” teen pregnancy prevention program. Journal of School Health, 71(5), 188-195.

Somers, C. L., Gleason, J. G., Johnson, S. A., & Fahlman, M. M. (2001). Adolescents’ and teachers’ perceptions of a teen pregnancy prevention program. American Secondary Education, 29(3), 51-66.

Fahlman, M. M., Engels, H.-J., Morgan, A.L., & Kolokouri, I. (2001). Mucosal IgA response to repeated Wingate tests in females. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22, 127-131.

Fahlman, M. M., Boardley, D., Flynn, M. G., Bouillon, L. E., Lambert, C. P., & Braun, W. A. (2000). The effects of hormone replacement therapy on selected indices of immune function in post-menopausal women. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigations, 50, 189-193.

Fahlman, M. M., Boardley, D., Flynn, M.G., Braun, W., Lambert, C., & Bouillon, L.E. (2000). The effects of endurance training on selected parameters of immune function in elderly women. Gerontology, 46, 97-104.

Boardley, D., & Fahlman, M. M. (2000). Micronutrient supplementation does not attenuate seasonal decline of immune indices in well-nourished elderly women: A placebo-controlled study. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 100(3), 356-359.

Flynn, M.G., Fahlman, M. M., Braun, W.A., Lambert, C.P., Bouillon, L.E., Brolinson, P.G., & Armstrong, C. W. (1999). Effects of resistance training on selected indexes of immune function in elderly women. Journal of Applied Physiology, 86(6), 1905-1913.